CPCB Raises Alarm: ‘Green’ Crackers Contain Banned Chemical, Experts Question Efficacy

The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has raised serious concerns over the new ‘green’ crackers developed by the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI). In a recent communication, the CPCB flagged the presence of a banned chemical in these fireworks, casting doubt on their environmental credentials.

The Centre had tasked CSIR-NEERI with developing low-emission fireworks that would reduce pollution by at least 50% compared to traditional crackers. The initiative was part of a broader effort to curb post-Diwali smog, particularly in northern India. Manufacturers were brought on board to ensure commercial viability.

However, the CPCB’s red flag centres on the use of a chemical that has been prohibited under the country’s environmental regulations. Sources indicate the chemical is known to cause respiratory ailments and persists in the environment. The board has asked NEERI to provide a detailed explanation and explore alternatives.

Environmental activists have long argued that any firework, regardless of composition, contributes to air pollution. “The term ‘green cracker’ is misleading. No firework is truly green,” said Dr. Sunita Narain, director of the Centre for Science and Environment. She added that the focus should shift to no-cracker celebrations.

The fireworks industry, represented by the Tamil Nadu Fireworks and Amorces Manufacturers’ Association, defended the new crackers. “We have followed all guidelines and used permitted ingredients. The banned chemical may have been present in trace amounts due to raw material impurity,” said association president K. Mariappan. The industry claims the crackers reduce emissions by 30-40% but acknowledges the need for further refinement.

Legal experts warn that if the chemical is confirmed to be banned, manufacturers could face penalties under the Environment Protection Act. The case is reminiscent of previous controversies where environmentally-friendly products were found to contain harmful substances.

The development comes just months before Diwali, the peak season for firework sales. The CPCB’s alert has created uncertainty among consumers and retailers. “People want to celebrate responsibly, but they also need clear guidance on what is safe,” said a Delhi-based shopkeeper.

NEERI officials have assured that they are re-evaluating the formulation. “Our goal is to achieve a balance between tradition and health. We will report our findings to the CPCB soon,” said a senior scientist.

This episode underscores the challenge of reconciling cultural practices with environmental concerns. The government has promoted green crackers as a compromise, but the latest findings may undermine public trust. Many cities are now considering a blanket ban on all fireworks.