Shigellosis Cases Reported in Seven Kerala Districts; Six Deaths This Year

Kerala's Health Department confirmed on Wednesday that new shigellosis cases have been detected across seven districts, bringing the total number of infections to 167 and deaths to six so far this year. The bacterial disease, caused by Shigella, spreads primarily through contaminated food and water.

A 75-year-old woman from Aliparamba in Malappuram district died on Tuesday due to shigellosis, officials said. Additionally, a 22-year-old woman from Valad in Wayanad succumbed to acute diarrhoeal disease; her death is being investigated for a possible shigellosis link. These fatalities highlight the seriousness of the ongoing situation.

Fresh cases were identified in Puthenthope and Poonthura (Thiruvananthapuram), Azheekkal (Kollam), Moolamkuzhi (Ernakulam), Arimbur (Thrissur), Areacode, Thrikkalangode and Mampad (Malappuram), Thalakulathur and Moodadi (Kozhikode), and Koothuparamba (Kannur). The geographical spread underlines the need for coordinated containment efforts.

Shigellosis, also called bacillary dysentery, causes symptoms like diarrhoea (often with blood or mucus), fever, abdominal cramps, and nausea. The infection typically lasts a week and can be managed with hydration and rest, but severe cases—especially among children, the elderly, and those with weakened immunity—may require antibiotics. Complications, though rare, can be fatal.

Shigella bacteria are highly contagious; even a small dose can trigger illness. Transmission occurs through the faecal-oral route, when contaminated food or water is ingested, or via direct contact with an infected person. Flies can also spread the bacteria. Overcrowding and poor sanitation raise outbreak risks.

The Health Department has intensified surveillance, chlorinated water sources, and launched awareness drives. Residents are advised to boil drinking water, wash hands regularly with soap, and maintain hygiene. Food handlers have been asked to follow strict safety protocols. Health workers conduct door-to-door visits to detect cases and educate communities.

Kerala has experienced sporadic shigellosis clusters, often during monsoons when water contamination rises. A notable outbreak in Kozhikode in 2020 was contained through prompt action. The state's surveillance system has since been strengthened, aiding early detection and response.

Medical experts emphasise that shigellosis is preventable. Citizens should avoid self-medication, as antibiotics are reserved for severe cases to prevent resistance. Early medical consultation for diarrhoeal symptoms helps limit spread. Adequate stocks of oral rehydration salts and medicines are available in primary health centres.

Community cooperation is critical. Avoiding open defecation, treating water, and seeking timely care can curb the outbreak. The Health Department continues to monitor the situation and will adapt measures as needed.