ICMR flags ultra-processed foods as health risk; Minister cites obesity, diabetes, heart disease
The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has indicated that higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is associated with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes, Union Minister of State for Health and Family Welfare Prataprao Jadhav said in a written reply to an unstarred question in the Lok Sabha.
The response was to a question raised by Congress Member of Parliament V. Vaithilingam from Puducherry, who sought the government’s position on a recent study showing the impact of high UPF intake on health. Citing available global scientific evidence, the Minister said the ICMR has pointed to a link between frequent consumption of these foods and conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mental disorders.
However, the Minister underscored that these diseases are “multifactorial in origin” and that a high intake of ultra-processed foods is considered “one of the several modifiable risk factors.” This distinction is important, as it acknowledges that while UPFs contribute to health risks, they are not the sole cause, and lifestyle, genetics, and environmental factors also play significant roles.
The ICMR has informed the government that it has launched several initiatives to create awareness about the health risks associated with excessive intake of ultra-processed foods. These efforts are in line with the Dietary Guidelines for Indians, 2024, which recommend limiting free sugar intake, avoiding frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, and minimising the intake of ultra-processed foods. The guidelines also include dedicated guidance on identifying UPFs and reading food labels, enabling consumers to make informed choices.
Ultra-processed foods are generally industrial formulations made partly or entirely from substances extracted from foods, such as oils, fats, sugars, starch, and proteins, or synthesized in laboratories. They often contain additives like preservatives, colourings, and flavourings, and are typically high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats. Common examples include packaged snacks, sugary drinks, instant noodles, ready-to-eat meals, and many breakfast cereals.
Public health experts have repeatedly raised concerns about the growing consumption of such foods in India, particularly among younger populations. The ICMR’s warning, as conveyed by the Minister, adds to the body of evidence that dietary habits play a crucial role in preventing non-communicable diseases, which account for a significant proportion of deaths in the country.
The government’s reply also highlights the importance of reading food labels and understanding the nutritional content of packaged foods. By providing clear guidance on identifying ultra-processed foods, the dietary guidelines aim to equip citizens with the knowledge needed to make healthier dietary choices.
The response in Parliament reflects a broader public health strategy that focuses on prevention through awareness and education. While the Minister did not announce new regulatory measures, the emphasis on existing guidelines and ICMR’s awareness campaigns indicates a continued commitment to addressing diet-related health risks. As research on ultra-processed foods evolves, further action may be considered to help reduce their consumption and mitigate associated health burdens.
For now, the message to the public is clear: moderation and informed choices are key. Reading labels, recognising ultra-processed items, and prioritising whole or minimally processed foods can go a long way in safeguarding health.
