Global Chronic Kidney Disease Crisis: Nearly Half of 844 Million Cases Go Undiagnosed, Lancet Study Reveals
A new series of papers published in The Lancet reveals that an estimated 30% to 50% of chronic kidney disease (CKD) cases remain undiagnosed even in high-income countries, with the proportion likely to be much higher in low- and middle-income nations. The research highlights that CKD affects 844 million adults worldwide, and the lack of early detection is a major public health concern.
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive condition where the kidneys gradually lose function. It is currently the ninth leading cause of death globally, but projections suggest it could become the fifth by 2040. The disease often progresses silently, with most people experiencing few or no symptoms until it reaches an advanced stage, when dialysis or a kidney transplant may be required. This contributes to low diagnosis rates and delays in treatment.
The series, led by researchers from the University of Glasgow, urges wider use of simple urine tests to improve early diagnosis. Routine urine testing for protein, along with blood tests measuring kidney function and blood pressure checks, could help detect the disease much earlier. Early diagnosis allows timely treatment that can slow or even prevent progression of kidney disease.
The papers also highlight disparities in diagnosis, noting that women and people from non-white ethnic groups are more likely to remain undiagnosed. Even among those whose medical records indicate CKD, many are unaware they have the condition. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disease are among the leading risk factors, with risk increasing with age.
The authors call for greater investment in kidney disease screening, laboratory capacity, and healthcare systems, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to diagnostic services remains limited. The series also reviews advances in kidney disease research, including improved biomarkers, genetic testing, and newer therapies that can delay disease progression when treatment is started early.
