FSSAI Flags Misleading Claims on Energy Drinks; Calls for Clearer Labeling
The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has sent notices to manufacturers of caffeinated beverages, objecting to the use of the term “energy drink” and promotional claims such as “boosts energy” or “enhances focus.” The regulator stated that there is no notified food standard for an “energy drink” category under Indian regulations, and that foods cannot make therapeutic or functional claims unless specifically permitted.
The move comes amid concerns over the composition of these beverages. A standard 250 ml can of a popular energy drink contains approximately 75 mg of caffeine, 27 g of added sugar (about seven teaspoons), along with taurine, glucuronolactone, and B vitamins. According to Dr Saptarshi Bhattacharya, an endocrinologist at Indraprastha Apollo Hospital in New Delhi, the added sugar and caffeine are a concern with long-term use.
Caffeine, a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily reduces fatigue and improves alertness by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain. However, the FSSAI’s discussion paper emphasizes that caffeine does not eliminate the body’s need for sleep. It does not create biological energy; it merely masks fatigue.
Taurine, an amino acid naturally present in the human body, plays roles in muscle function and nervous system activity, but there is little evidence it produces a dramatic energy boost. Similarly, B vitamins are essential for normal metabolism but do not function as instant fuel when taken in excess.
The term “energy drink” is considered misleading. In nutrition, energy refers to calories, while in common usage it implies alertness or stamina. Energy drinks provide alertness from caffeine and calories from sugar. Marketing often blurs these concepts. The FSSAI suggests that such products should be labelled as “caffeinated beverages” to accurately reflect their primary active ingredient and avoid implying health or performance benefits.
Caffeine itself is not inherently harmful. Healthy adults can safely consume up to 400 mg of caffeine per day from all sources. A single can with 75 mg of caffeine falls within this limit. Problems arise when multiple caffeinated beverages are consumed over a short period, leading to excessive intake.
