Junk Food Ads in India Face Scrutiny Amid Health Concerns
The Government of India has proposed amendments to advertising laws to curb the promotion of foods high in fat, sugar, and sodium (HFSS). Despite these plans, advertisements for such products remain widespread across digital platforms, television, and print media. Health experts argue that the aggressive marketing of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) contributes to rising rates of obesity, diabetes, and other non-communicable diseases.
Recent examples include a YouTube advertisement for a baked chips brand that highlighted cheese and tomato flavours but failed to disclose the product's high salt and fat content and the presence of refined carbohydrates. Similarly, celebrity endorsements for multigrain cereals and biscuits often omit nutritional risks, potentially misleading consumers—especially children and adolescents.
Data indicates the scale of the issue: in 2024, three major transnational corporations spent $13.2 billion globally on food advertising. In India alone, over 200,000 junk food advertisements aired in a month, backed by advertising expenditure of about ₹170 crore. Such marketing is linked to increased consumption of UPFs, which have been associated with addictive-like eating behaviours.
Legal frameworks governing food advertising are under review. The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is examining whether existing provisions under the Food Safety and Standards Act and the Consumer Protection Act adequately protect public health. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has proposed stricter guidelines for endorsements and disclosures.
Internationally, the City of San Francisco has filed a lawsuit against 10 major UPF manufacturers, alleging targeted marketing to children and inadequate disclosure of health risks. The case seeks to prevent deceptive practices and promote corrective advertising.
Public health advocates stress the need for clear, enforceable regulations to ensure that consumers receive accurate information about the nutritional content of advertised foods. The outcome of the government's review could shape advertising practices in India for years to come.
