SC orders CBI probe into Chhattisgarh custodial death, criticises cover-up

The Supreme Court on Wednesday ordered a Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) probe into the custodial death of Shravan Suryavanshi in Chhattisgarh, expressing lack of confidence in the state administration's ability to conduct an impartial inquiry. The court also directed the state government to pay Rs 25 lakh as interim compensation to the family of the deceased.

Suryavanshi was arrested on January 18, 2024, for allegedly being in possession of raw Mahua liquor and was lodged at Central Jail, Bilaspur. He was referred to a hospital on January 21 and died a day later. The Chhattisgarh High Court had earlier observed that his death was caused by violence perpetrated on him while in custody.

A bench of the Supreme Court noted that top officials, including the Principal Secretary (Home), Director General of Police and Director General (Prisons), adopted a "dilatory approach" and could not be trusted to conduct a fair probe. The officials, who virtually appeared before the court on its directive, offered explanations that the bench described as "perfunctory and pedantic".

The court said the stance of "blissful ignorance" taken by senior officers was "sacrilegious" and reflected a disturbing disregard for the statutory procedure governing custodial deaths. It added that the explanation that no action was taken against the responsible persons because the judicial inquiry report had not been served upon police officials was a "cover-up story" and an attempt to "pull the wool over the court's eyes".

Referring to medical records, the bench observed that a clear attempt was made to mislead the inquiry. The cause of death was recorded as cardiopulmonary arrest with aspiration pneumonitis, with the diagnosis being alcoholic withdrawal and delirium tremens. However, the court found this inconsistent with the High Court's finding of violence in custody.

Directing the CBI Director to ensure immediate registration of a regular case, the court ordered that the investigation be entrusted to a senior officer and conducted expeditiously. The investigating officer's report is to be placed before the court on the next date of hearing. The court further said the conduct of state officials in failing to take appropriate steps after the judicial inquiry report should be examined as part of the investigation.

The Supreme Court's intervention underscores the growing judicial concern over custodial deaths and the need for accountability. By transferring the case to the CBI, the court has sought to ensure an independent investigation free from state influence.